The description is the full interpretation of your website content and features. Most often it is a short paragraph that describes what the features are and what information are provided by the website to its visitors. You may consider it as an advertising of your website. Although this is not too important for search engine ranking, but it is very important for hits or visits through search engine results. The description should be less than 150 characters because search engine shows this length of paragraph on search results. And every page of the website should contain a unique description to avoid description duplication. The description is the definition of your website for user experience, so form it as complete, but short and precise as possible.

Meta keywords are keywords inside Meta tags. Meta keywords are not likely to be used for search engine ranking. The words of title and description can be used as Meta keywords. It is a good idea for SEO purposes other than search engine ranking.

Keyword usage is the amount of your keywords inside Meta tags and contents of your website. Use keywords that describes your site properly for precise search engine result of your website.

The ideal page's ratio of text to HTML code must be between 20 to 60%. Because if it is come less than 20% it means you need to write more text on your website, while if you have more than 60% - your page might be considered as spammy.

robots.txt is a text file that reside on the websites root directory and contains the instruction for various robots (mainly search engine robots). It contains the information how you would like the robots to crawl and index your website on their own webpages. robots.txt contains the search bots or others bots name, directory list allowed or disallowed, indexing and crawling instructions for bots, time delay to crawl and index and even the sitemap URL. A full access or a full restriction, customized access or restriction, all can be imposed through robots.txt.

robots.txt is very important part for the SEO process. Your website directories will be crawled and indexed on search engine according to robots.txt instructions. So you need to add a robots.txt file in your website root directory. Write it properly, including your content enriched pages and other public pages, but exclude any pages which contain sensitive information. Remember robots.txt instruction to restrict access to your sensitive information of your page as it is not formidable on web page security grounds.
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Sitemap is a xml file which contains a full list of your websites URLs. It is used to include directories of your websites as the base for crawling and indexing of search engines and also for user access. The sitemap can help search engine bots to index your website faster and with deeper results. It is roughly the opposite of the robots.txt You can create a sitemap.xml with various free and paid services or you can write it by yourself (read the Learn more below, to see the inside about how to write a sitemap).

Also keep these things in mind :
1) Sitemap must be less than 10 MB (10,485,760 bytes) and can contain maximum 50,000 URLs. If you have more URLs than you should create multiple sitemap files and use a sitemap index file as well.
2) Put your sitemap in the website root directory and add the URL of your sitemap into the robots.txt file.
3) Sitemap.xml can be compressed using grip for faster loading time.

Broken link : a broken link is an inaccessible link or a URL of a website. A higher rate of broken links has a negative impact on search engine ranking due to reduced link quality. It also has a bad impact on user experience if they run into a 404 page. There are several reasons for broken links, the most common are listed below.
1) An incorrect link entered by you.
2) The destination website removed the linked web page given by you. (A common 404 error).
3) The destination website is irreversibly moved or does not exists anymore. (Changing domain or site blocked or dysfunctional).
4) The content may have been hidden behind some firewalls or alike software, or security mechanism that is blocking the access to the destination website.
5) You have provided a link to a site that is blocked by firewall or alike software for outside access.
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doc type is not an SEO factor, but it is checked as to validate your web page. So you should set a doctype in your html page.
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GZIP is a generic compressor that can be applied to any stream of bytes: under the hood it remembers some of the previously seen content and attempts to find and replace duplicate data fragments in an efficient way. However, in practice, GZIP performs best on text-based content, often achieving compression rates of as high as 70-90% for larger files, whereas running GZIP on assets that are already compressed via alternative algorithms (e.g. most image formats) yields little to no improvement. It is also recommended that the GZIP compressed size should be <=33 KB

Micro data is the information underlying a html string or paragraph. Consider a string “Avatar”, it could refer a profile picture on forum, blog or social networking site or maybe it refers to the highly successful 3D movie. Microdot is used to specify the reference or underlying information about an html string. Microdata gives chances to search engine and other application for the better understanding of your content and significantly better display on search results.
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If multiple domain name are registered under single IP address, some search bots might label another website as a duplicate of one sites. This is IP canonicalization. Little bit like URL canonicalization. To solve this issue, you want to use redirects.
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Canonical tags make all your URLs lead to a single address or webpage into a single url. Like :
<link rel="canonical" href="https://mywebsite.com/home" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mywebsite.com/home" />
Both refer to the link mywebsite.com/home. So all the different URL, with the same content or page, will now be under the same link or URL as mywebsite.com/home. This will definitely boost up your search engine ranking by eliminating content duplication. Use canonical tag for all URLs.
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